/* =======================================================================
   Venomers — Research Page Styles (research.css)
   Purpose: Unified, high-performance Clinical Masterpiece & Liquid Glass
            stylesheet for BOTH English (LTR), Arabic (RTL), and Persian (FA) locales.
   Self-Contained & Fully Symmetrical.
   ======================================================================= */

/* ─────────────────────────────────────────────
   1. Self-Hosted Variable & Static Webfonts
   Declared here to ensure research.css is
   100% self-contained across all locales.
   ───────────────────────────────────────────── */

/* === EN: Inter (UI/Nav) === */
@font-face {
  font-family: "Inter";
  src: url("/en/font/Inter/Inter-VariableFont_opsz,wght.woff2") format("woff2");
  font-weight: 100 900;
  font-style: normal;
  font-display: swap;
}
@font-face {
  font-family: "Inter";
  src: url("/en/font/Inter/Inter-Italic-VariableFont_opsz,wght.woff2") format("woff2");
  font-weight: 100 900;
  font-style: italic;
  font-display: swap;
}

/* === EN: Space Grotesk (Display / Numbers) === */
@font-face {
  font-family: "Space Grotesk";
  src: url("/en/font/Space_Grotesk/SpaceGrotesk-VariableFont_wght.woff2") format("woff2");
  font-weight: 300 700;
  font-style: normal;
  font-display: swap;
}

/* === EN: Source Serif 4 (Body) === */
@font-face {
  font-family: "Source Serif 4";
  src: url("/en/font/Source_Serif_4/SourceSerif4-VariableFont_opsz,wght.woff2") format("woff2");
  font-weight: 200 900;
  font-style: normal;
  font-display: swap;
}
@font-face {
  font-family: "Source Serif 4";
  src: url("/en/font/Source_Serif_4/SourceSerif4-Italic-VariableFont_opsz,wght.woff2") format("woff2");
  font-weight: 200 900;
  font-style: italic;
  font-display: swap;
}

/* === AR: Noto Sans Arabic VF === */
@font-face {
  font-family: "Noto Sans Arabic VF";
  src: url("/ar/font/Noto_Sans_Arabic/NotoSansArabic-VariableFont_wdth,wght.woff2") format("woff2");
  font-weight: 100 900;
  font-style: normal;
  font-display: swap;
}

/* === AR / FA: Readex Pro VF === */
@font-face {
  font-family: "Readex Pro VF";
  src: url("/fa/font/Readex_Pro/ReadexPro-VariableFont_HEXP,wght.woff2") format("woff2"),
       url("/ar/font/Readex_Pro/ReadexPro-VariableFont_HEXP,wght.woff2") format("woff2");
  font-weight: 200 700;
  font-style: normal;
  font-display: swap;
}

/* === AR: Noto Naskh Arabic VF === */
@font-face {
  font-family: "Noto Naskh Arabic VF";
  src: url("/ar/font/Noto_Naskh_Arabic/NotoNaskhArabic-VariableFont_wght.woff2") format("woff2");
  font-weight: 400 700;
  font-style: normal;
  font-display: swap;
}

/* === FA: Yekan Bakh FaNum (Self-Hosted Persian Stack) === */
@font-face {
  font-family: "Yekan Bakh FaNum";
  src: url("/fa/font/Yekan_Bakh/YekanBakhFaNum-Regular.woff2") format("woff2"),
       url("/fa/font/Yekan_Bakh/YekanBakhFaNum-Regular.woff") format("woff");
  font-weight: 400;
  font-style: normal;
  font-display: swap;
}
@font-face {
  font-family: "Yekan Bakh FaNum";
  src: url("/fa/font/Yekan_Bakh/YekanBakhFaNum-Medium.woff2") format("woff2"),
       url("/fa/font/Yekan_Bakh/YekanBakhFaNum-Medium.woff") format("woff");
  font-weight: 500;
  font-style: normal;
  font-display: swap;
}
@font-face {
  font-family: "Yekan Bakh FaNum";
  src: url("/fa/font/Yekan_Bakh/YekanBakhFaNum-SemiBold.woff2") format("woff2"),
       url("/fa/font/Yekan_Bakh/YekanBakhFaNum-SemiBold.woff") format("woff");
  font-weight: 600;
  font-style: normal;
  font-display: swap;
}
@font-face {
  font-family: "Yekan Bakh FaNum";
  src: url("/fa/font/Yekan_Bakh/YekanBakhFaNum-Bold.woff2") format("woff2"),
       url("/fa/font/Yekan_Bakh/YekanBakhFaNum-Bold.woff") format("woff");
  font-weight: 700;
  font-style: normal;
  font-display: swap;
}
@font-face {
  font-family: "Yekan Bakh FaNum";
  src: url("/fa/font/Yekan_Bakh/YekanBakhFaNum-ExtraBold.woff2") format("woff2"),
       url("/fa/font/Yekan_Bakh/YekanBakhFaNum-ExtraBold.woff") format("woff");
  font-weight: 800;
  font-style: normal;
  font-display: swap;
}
@font-face {
  font-family: "Yekan Bakh FaNum";
  src: url("/fa/font/Yekan_Bakh/YekanBakhFaNum-Light.woff2") format("woff2"),
       url("/fa/font/Yekan_Bakh/YekanBakhFaNum-Light.woff") format("woff");
  font-weight: 300;
  font-style: normal;
  font-display: swap;
}

/* =======================================================================
   2. Root Tokens, Multilingual Typography Stacks & Resets
   ======================================================================= */
:root {
  --idx-teal: #0f766e;
  --idx-cyan: #38bdf8;
  --idx-navy: #0f172a;
  --idx-slate: #334155;
  --idx-muted: #64748b;
  --idx-surface: #f8fafc;
  --idx-white: #ffffff;
  
  --surface: #ffffff;
  --surface-2: #f8fafc;
  --card: #ffffff;
  --text: #0f172a;
  --muted: #334155;
  --border: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.08);
  --glass-border: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.08);
  --glass-bg: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.78);
  --glass-hover: rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.05);
  --accent: #0f766e;
  --accent-2: #38bdf8;
  --accent-soft: rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.08);
  --accent-ink: #0f766e;
  --radius: 24px;
  --radius-sm: 14px;
  --shadow-1: 0 16px 40px -12px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.08);
  --max-w: 1280px;
  --focus: 2px solid #0f766e;

  /* Multilingual Typography Stacks */
  --font-heading: 'Space Grotesk', system-ui, -apple-system, sans-serif;
  --font-body: 'Source Serif 4', Georgia, serif;
  --font-ui: 'Inter', system-ui, -apple-system, sans-serif;
}

:root[dir="rtl"] {
  --font-heading: 'Readex Pro VF', 'Noto Sans Arabic VF', system-ui, sans-serif;
  --font-body: 'Noto Naskh Arabic VF', Georgia, serif;
  --font-ui: 'Readex Pro VF', 'Noto Sans Arabic VF', system-ui, sans-serif;
}

:root:lang(fa),
:root[dir="rtl"]:lang(fa),
html[lang="fa"] {
  --font-heading: 'Yekan Bakh FaNum', 'Yekan Bakh', system-ui, -apple-system, sans-serif;
  --font-body: 'Yekan Bakh FaNum', 'Yekan Bakh', system-ui, -apple-system, sans-serif;
  --font-ui: 'Yekan Bakh FaNum', 'Yekan Bakh', system-ui, -apple-system, sans-serif;
}

/* Base Resets & Layout Rules */
*, *::before, *::after {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

html {
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
  font-family: var(--font-body);
  color: var(--text);
  background-color: var(--surface-2);
  line-height: 1.6;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
  overflow-x: clip;
}

body {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  min-height: 100vh;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  background-color: var(--surface-2);
  overflow-x: clip;
}

@supports not (overflow-x: clip) {
  html,
  body {
    overflow-x: hidden;
  }
}

h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
  color: var(--text);
  line-height: 1.25;
}

:where(#main) {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: var(--max-w);
  margin-inline: auto;
  padding-inline: clamp(16px, 4vw, 40px);
  padding-block-start: clamp(90px, 12vh, 120px);
}

.skip-link {
  position: absolute;
  top: -100px;
  left: 50%;
  transform: translateX(-50%);
  background: var(--accent);
  color: #fff;
  padding: 10px 20px;
  border-radius: 0 0 10px 10px;
  z-index: 10000;
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  text-decoration: none;
  font-weight: 600;
  transition: top 0.2s ease;
}

.skip-link:focus {
  top: 0;
}

/* =======================================================================
   2. High-Performance 3-Layer Glass Architecture
   ======================================================================= */
.nav-pill-glass-container {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  border-radius: inherit;
  overflow: hidden;
  pointer-events: none;
  z-index: 1;
}

.liquid-backdrop {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.78);
  backdrop-filter: blur(16px) saturate(120%);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(16px) saturate(120%);
}

.liquid-specular-rim {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  border-radius: inherit;
  border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.08);
  box-shadow: inset 0 1px 1px 0 rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9),
              0 4px 16px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.03);
}

.liquid-content {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
  height: 100%;
}

/* =======================================================================
   3. Page Hero — Research & Therapeutics (Clinical Redesign)
   ======================================================================= */
.hero-research {
  --hero-pad-y: clamp(36px, 5vw, 72px);
  --hero-gap: clamp(16px, 2.2vw, 28px);
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  padding-block: var(--hero-pad-y);
  padding-inline: clamp(16px, 4vw, 44px);
  border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.08);
  border-radius: clamp(16px, 2.5vw, 28px);
  box-shadow: 0 16px 40px -15px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.06);
  background: radial-gradient(
      circle at 50% 0%,
      rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.06) 0%,
      rgba(56, 189, 248, 0.02) 50%,
      transparent 80%
    ),
    linear-gradient(180deg, #ffffff 0%, #f8fafc 100%);
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: var(--hero-gap);
}

.page-hero.hero-research > p.lead {
  display: block;
  float: none;
  max-width: 72ch;
  margin: clamp(6px, 1.4vw, 12px) auto 0;
  text-align: center;
  justify-self: center;
  align-self: center;
}

.page-hero.hero-research > .metrics {
  width: 100%;
  align-self: stretch;
}

/* Eyebrow Status Pill */
.hero-eyebrow {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  padding: 6px 14px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.06);
  border: 1px solid rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.15);
  margin-inline: auto;
}

.hero-pulse-dot {
  width: 8px;
  height: 8px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background-color: var(--idx-teal);
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 0 rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.5);
  animation: idx-glow-pulse 2s infinite ease-in-out;
}

@keyframes idx-glow-pulse {
  0% {
    transform: scale(0.95);
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 0 rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.5);
  }
  70% {
    transform: scale(1);
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 7px rgba(15, 118, 110, 0);
  }
  100% {
    transform: scale(0.95);
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 0 rgba(15, 118, 110, 0);
  }
}

.hero-eyebrow-text {
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: clamp(11px, 1.1vw, 12.5px);
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--idx-teal);
}

/* Main Hero Header & Lead */
.hero-header-content {
  text-align: center;
  max-width: 960px;
  margin-inline: auto;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  gap: clamp(12px, 2vw, 20px);
}

.hero-research h1 {
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
  font-size: clamp(28px, 4.2vw, 48px);
  font-weight: 800;
  line-height: 1.18;
  color: var(--idx-navy);
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  text-wrap: balance;
}

:root[dir="rtl"] .hero-research h1 {
  letter-spacing: 0;
}

.hero-research .lead {
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
  font-size: clamp(16px, 2vw, 20px);
  font-weight: 500;
  line-height: 1.5;
  color: var(--idx-teal);
  max-width: 820px;
  text-wrap: pretty;
}

/* Hero Micro-Copy Liquid Glass Callout Box */
.hero-microcopy-box {
  position: relative;
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 900px;
  margin-block-start: 4px;
  border-radius: clamp(14px, 2vw, 20px);
  isolation: isolate;
}

.hero-microcopy-box .hero-microcopy {
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--font-body);
  font-size: clamp(14px, 1.4vw, 16.5px);
  line-height: 1.7;
  color: var(--idx-slate);
  padding: clamp(16px, 2.5vw, 26px);
  text-align: center;
}

/* Hero Action CTAs */
.hero-actions {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 14px;
  margin-block-start: clamp(18px, 3vw, 32px);
}

.hero-btn-primary {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 10px;
  padding: 14px 28px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: 15.5px;
  font-weight: 600;
  text-decoration: none !important;
  background: var(--idx-teal);
  color: #ffffff;
  border: 1px solid color-mix(in oklab, var(--idx-teal), white 25%);
  box-shadow: 0 6px 18px rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.25);
  padding-inline: clamp(36px, 5vw, 64px);
  min-inline-size: clamp(280px, 35vw, 420px);
  justify-content: center;
  transition: transform 0.2s ease, box-shadow 0.2s ease, background 0.2s ease;
}

.hero-btn-primary:hover,
.hero-btn-primary:focus-visible {
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  background: color-mix(in oklab, var(--idx-teal), black 8%);
  box-shadow: 0 10px 24px rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.35);
}

.hero-btn-icon {
  transition: transform 0.2s ease;
}

.hero-btn-primary:hover .hero-btn-icon {
  transform: translateX(4px);
}

:root[dir="rtl"] .hero-btn-primary:hover .hero-btn-icon {
  transform: translateX(-4px);
}

/* Visual Laboratory Showcase */
.hero-visual-showcase {
  position: relative;
  width: 100%;
  max-width: var(--max-w);
  margin-inline: auto;
  margin-block: clamp(6px, 1.2vw, 14px);
  border-radius: clamp(14px, 2vw, 22px);
  overflow: hidden;
  isolation: isolate;
  border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.08);
  box-shadow: 0 16px 36px -12px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.08);
}

.hero-visual-showcase .visual-content {
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  border-radius: inherit;
}

.hero-media-img {
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  max-height: clamp(300px, 38vh, 480px);
  object-fit: cover;
  display: block;
  transition: transform 0.5s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1);
}

.hero-visual-showcase:hover .hero-media-img {
  transform: scale(1.015);
}

/* B2B Metrics Bento Grid */
.hero-metrics-grid {
  margin: clamp(8px, 1.5vw, 20px) auto 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
  display: grid;
  gap: clamp(12px, 1.8vw, 20px);
  grid-template-columns: repeat(1, 1fr);
  width: 100%;
  max-width: var(--max-w);
}

@media (min-width: 580px) {
  .hero-metrics-grid {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
  }
}

@media (min-width: 1024px) {
  .hero-metrics-grid {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
  }
}

.metric--card {
  position: relative;
  border-radius: clamp(14px, 1.8vw, 20px);
  isolation: isolate;
  transition: transform 0.25s ease, box-shadow 0.25s ease;
  transform: perspective(1000px) rotateX(var(--tilt-x, 0deg)) rotateY(var(--tilt-y, 0deg));
}

.metric--card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-3px) perspective(1000px) rotateX(var(--tilt-x, 0deg)) rotateY(var(--tilt-y, 0deg));
}

.metric--card:hover .liquid-specular-rim {
  border-color: rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.25);
  box-shadow: inset 0 1px 1px 0 rgba(255, 255, 255, 1),
    0 10px 24px -6px rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.1);
}

.metric-card-content {
  padding: clamp(18px, 2vw, 24px);
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  text-align: center;
  gap: 8px;
  height: 100%;
}

.metric__header {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 8px;
  margin-block-end: 4px;
  width: 100%;
}

.metric__badge {
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  color: var(--idx-teal);
  background: rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.06);
  border: 1px solid rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.12);
  padding: 3px 10px;
  border-radius: 999px;
}

.metric__icon-svg {
  stroke: var(--idx-teal);
  opacity: 0.85;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.metric__stat {
  margin: 0;
  display: flex;
  align-items: baseline;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 4px;
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
  color: var(--idx-navy);
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
  width: 100%;
}

.metric__prefix {
  font-size: clamp(20px, 2.5vw, 28px);
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--idx-teal);
  margin-inline-end: 4px;
}

.metric__value {
  font-size: clamp(32px, 3.8vw, 44px);
  font-weight: 800;
  line-height: 1;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  color: var(--idx-navy);
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}

.metric__unit {
  font-size: clamp(16px, 1.8vw, 22px);
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--idx-teal);
  margin-inline-start: 4px;
}

.metric__title {
  margin: 4px 0 0;
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
  font-size: clamp(14.5px, 1.4vw, 16.5px);
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--idx-navy);
  line-height: 1.3;
}

.metric__desc {
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: clamp(12.5px, 1.2vw, 14px);
  color: var(--idx-slate);
  line-height: 1.4;
}

/* =======================================================================
   4. Analytical Infrastructure Command Center
   ======================================================================= */
:where(#overview.infra-showcase) > * {
  max-width: 100% !important;
}

.infra-showcase {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: clamp(40px, 6vw, 72px);
  padding-block-start: clamp(40px, 5vw, 80px);
  margin-block-start: clamp(20px, 3vw, 40px);
  margin-block-end: clamp(48px, 8vw, 96px);
  scroll-margin-top: 160px;
  position: relative;
  width: 100%;
}

.infra-intro-card {
  position: relative;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: clamp(28px, 4.5vw, 48px);
  background: var(--glass-bg);
  border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.08);
  box-shadow: 0 16px 40px -12px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.08);
  overflow: hidden;
  width: 100%;
}

.infra-header-full {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 20px;
  max-width: 1000px;
  margin-inline: auto;
  text-align: center;
  align-items: center;
}

.infra-eyebrow {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--idx-teal);
  background: rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.08);
  border: 1px solid rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.2);
  padding: 6px 18px;
  border-radius: 999px;
}

.infra-pulse-dot {
  width: 8px;
  height: 8px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--idx-cyan);
  box-shadow: 0 0 10px var(--idx-cyan);
  animation: idx-glow-pulse 2s infinite ease-in-out;
}

.infra-header-full h2 {
  font-size: clamp(1.85rem, 3.8vw, 2.75rem);
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  color: var(--idx-navy);
  margin: 0;
  line-height: 1.25;
}

.infra-lead-text {
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: clamp(1.05rem, 1.7vw, 1.22rem);
  line-height: 1.68;
  color: var(--idx-slate);
  margin: 0;
}

.infra-value-box-full {
  background: rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.04);
  border: 1px solid rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.15);
  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
  padding: clamp(20px, 3vw, 28px);
  margin-block-start: 8px;
  width: 100%;
  text-align: start;
}

.infra-value-box-full p {
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--font-body);
  font-size: clamp(0.95rem, 1.4vw, 1.08rem);
  line-height: 1.75;
  color: var(--idx-navy);
}

.infra-value-box-full p + p {
  margin-block-start: 12px;
}

/* Full-Width Key Metrics Capsule Bar */
.infra-metrics-bar-full {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(220px, 1fr));
  gap: 16px;
  margin-block-start: 16px;
  width: 100%;
}

.infra-metric-pill {
  position: relative;
  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
  padding: 16px 22px;
  background: var(--surface);
  border: 1px solid rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.18);
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 4px;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 14px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.03);
  transition: transform 0.3s ease, border-color 0.3s ease, box-shadow 0.3s ease;
}

.infra-metric-pill:hover {
  transform: translateY(-3px);
  border-color: var(--idx-teal);
  box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.15);
}

.infra-metric-val {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
  font-size: clamp(1.4rem, 2.2vw, 1.85rem);
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--idx-teal);
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
  line-height: 1;
}

.infra-metric-lbl {
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--idx-slate);
}

/* Full-Width Facility Gallery Showcase */
.infra-gallery-full {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 16px;
  width: 100%;
}

.infra-gallery-stage {
  position: relative;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  overflow: hidden;
  box-shadow: 0 20px 50px -15px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.12);
  border: 1px solid rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.2);
  background: #0f172a;
  width: 100%;
  aspect-ratio: 16 / 9;
  max-height: 520px;
}

.infra-gallery-stage-img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  display: block;
  transition: transform 0.6s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1), opacity 0.4s ease;
}

.infra-gallery-stage:hover .infra-gallery-stage-img {
  transform: scale(1.02);
}

.infra-gallery-grid-thumbs {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(5, 1fr);
  gap: 12px;
  width: 100%;
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .infra-gallery-grid-thumbs {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  }
}

@media (max-width: 480px) {
  .infra-gallery-grid-thumbs {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
  }
}

.infra-gallery-thumb-btn {
  position: relative;
  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 2px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.12);
  background: #0f172a;
  padding: 0;
  cursor: pointer;
  aspect-ratio: 16 / 10;
  transition: all 0.25s ease;
}

.infra-gallery-thumb-btn img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  display: block;
}

.infra-gallery-thumb-btn:hover {
  border-color: var(--idx-cyan);
  transform: translateY(-3px);
}

.infra-gallery-thumb-btn.active {
  border-color: var(--idx-teal);
  box-shadow: 0 0 16px rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.4);
}

/* Auto-Playing & Swipable 4-Stage Workflow Slider / Carousel */
.infra-workflow-carousel {
  position: relative;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 24px;
  width: 100%;
}

.infra-carousel-header {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 16px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.infra-carousel-tabs {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 10px;
  padding: 6px;
  background: var(--surface);
  border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.1);
  border-radius: 999px;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 20px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.04);
}

.infra-carousel-tab-btn {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  padding: 10px 18px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  border: none;
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--idx-slate);
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: all 0.25s ease;
}

.infra-carousel-tab-btn:hover {
  color: var(--idx-teal);
  background: rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.05);
}

.infra-carousel-tab-btn.active {
  background: var(--idx-teal);
  color: #ffffff;
  box-shadow: 0 6px 18px rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.25);
}

.infra-carousel-controls {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 10px;
  direction: ltr;
}

.infra-carousel-arrow {
  width: 42px;
  height: 42px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  border: 1px solid rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.3);
  background: var(--surface);
  color: var(--idx-navy);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: all 0.25s ease;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.05);
}

.infra-carousel-arrow:hover {
  background: var(--idx-teal);
  color: #ffffff;
  border-color: var(--idx-teal);
  transform: scale(1.05);
}

.infra-carousel-stage {
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  background: var(--surface);
  border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.08);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-1);
  width: 100%;
  cursor: grab;
  user-select: none;
}

.infra-carousel-stage:active {
  cursor: grabbing;
}

.infra-carousel-track {
  display: flex;
  transition: transform 0.5s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1);
  width: 100%;
}

.infra-carousel-slide {
  flex: 0 0 100%;
  width: 100%;
  padding: clamp(28px, 4.5vw, 48px);
  box-sizing: border-box;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 20px;
}

.infra-slide-badge {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  align-self: start;
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--idx-teal);
  background: rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.08);
  border: 1px solid rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.2);
  padding: 4px 14px;
  border-radius: 999px;
}

.infra-slide-title {
  font-size: clamp(1.45rem, 2.8vw, 2.1rem);
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--idx-navy);
  margin: 0;
  line-height: 1.3;
}

.infra-slide-desc {
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: clamp(1rem, 1.5vw, 1.125rem);
  line-height: 1.7;
  color: var(--idx-slate);
  margin: 0;
}

.infra-slide-value {
  background: rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.05);
  border-inline-start: 4px solid var(--idx-teal);
  padding: 16px 20px;
  border-radius: 0 var(--radius-sm) var(--radius-sm) 0;
}

:root[dir="rtl"] .infra-slide-value {
  border-radius: var(--radius-sm) 0 0 var(--radius-sm);
}

.infra-slide-value-lbl {
  display: block;
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  color: var(--idx-teal);
  margin-block-end: 4px;
}

.infra-slide-value-text {
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--idx-navy);
  line-height: 1.5;
  margin: 0;
}

.infra-slide-tags {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 8px;
  margin-block-start: 4px;
}

.infra-slide-tag {
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--idx-slate);
  background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.04);
  border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.1);
  padding: 5px 14px;
  border-radius: 999px;
}

/* Bio-Standardization Bento Dashboard */
.infra-compliance-dashboard {
  position: relative;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: clamp(36px, 5vw, 56px);
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.06) 0%, rgba(56, 189, 248, 0.04) 100%);
  border: 1px solid rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.2);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-1);
  overflow: hidden;
  width: 100%;
}

.infra-compliance-dashboard .liquid-content {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: clamp(28px, 4vw, 44px);
  width: 100%;
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
}

.infra-compliance-header {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 16px;
}

.infra-compliance-icon {
  width: 52px;
  height: 52px;
  border-radius: 14px;
  background: var(--idx-teal);
  color: #ffffff;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  box-shadow: 0 6px 16px rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.25);
}

.infra-compliance-header h3 {
  font-size: clamp(1.45rem, 2.6vw, 1.85rem);
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--idx-navy);
  line-height: 1.3;
}

.infra-compliance-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  gap: clamp(24px, 3vw, 32px);
}

@media (min-width: 768px) {
  .infra-compliance-grid {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  }
}

.infra-compliance-item {
  background: var(--surface);
  border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.08);
  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
  padding: clamp(24px, 3vw, 32px);
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 14px;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 14px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.03);
  transition: transform 0.25s ease, border-color 0.25s ease, box-shadow 0.25s ease;
}

.infra-compliance-item:hover {
  transform: translateY(-4px);
  border-color: rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.35);
  box-shadow: 0 10px 24px rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.1);
}

.infra-compliance-item h4 {
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: clamp(1.02rem, 1.4vw, 1.15rem);
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--idx-teal);
  margin: 0;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 10px;
  line-height: 1.35;
}

.infra-compliance-item p {
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: clamp(0.92rem, 1.2vw, 1rem);
  color: var(--idx-slate);
  line-height: 1.68;
  margin: 0;
}

.infra-cta-group {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 16px;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
}

/* =======================================================================
   5. Scientific Research & Active R&D Portfolio
   ======================================================================= */
.research-portfolio-section {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: clamp(48px, 6vw, 80px);
  padding-block: clamp(40px, 6vw, 80px);
  width: 100%;
  position: relative;
}

.portfolio-header-card {
  position: relative;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: clamp(32px, 5vw, 56px);
  background: var(--glass-bg);
  border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.08);
  box-shadow: 0 16px 40px -12px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.08);
  overflow: hidden;
  width: 100%;
}

.portfolio-header-content {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 18px;
  max-width: 960px;
  margin-inline: auto;
  text-align: center;
  align-items: center;
}

.portfolio-eyebrow {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--idx-teal);
  background: rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.08);
  border: 1px solid rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.2);
  padding: 6px 18px;
  border-radius: 999px;
}

.portfolio-header-content h2 {
  font-size: clamp(1.85rem, 3.8vw, 2.75rem);
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  color: var(--idx-navy);
  margin: 0;
  line-height: 1.25;
}

.portfolio-lead-text {
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: clamp(1.02rem, 1.6vw, 1.2rem);
  line-height: 1.7;
  color: var(--idx-slate);
  margin: 0;
}

/* Peer-Reviewed Studies Block */
.published-studies-block {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 28px;
  width: 100%;
}

.sub-block-title-wrap {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 14px;
  margin-block-end: 4px;
  width: 100%;
  min-inline-size: 100%;
  align-self: stretch;
}

.sub-block-icon {
  width: 44px;
  height: 44px;
  border-radius: 12px;
  background: var(--idx-teal);
  color: #ffffff;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 14px rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.25);
}

.sub-block-title-wrap h3 {
  font-size: clamp(1.45rem, 2.8vw, 2.1rem);
  color: var(--idx-navy);
  margin: 0;
}

.pub-cards-grid {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: clamp(28px, 4vw, 44px);
  width: 100%;
  min-inline-size: 100%;
  align-self: stretch;
}

.pub-card {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  border-radius: clamp(28px, 4vw, 36px);
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  width: 100%;
  transition: transform 0.4s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1), z-index 0s;
  overflow: visible !important;
  isolation: isolate;
  transform: perspective(1000px) rotateX(var(--tilt-x, 0deg)) rotateY(var(--tilt-y, 0deg));
}

.pub-card .nav-pill-glass-container {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  border-radius: inherit;
  overflow: hidden;
  pointer-events: none;
  z-index: 1;
}

.pub-card .liquid-backdrop {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  border-radius: inherit;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.88), rgba(248, 250, 252, 0.78));
  backdrop-filter: blur(24px) saturate(160%);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(24px) saturate(160%);
  transition: background 0.35s ease;
}

.pub-card .liquid-specular-rim {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  border-radius: inherit;
  border: 1px solid rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.18);
  box-shadow: inset 0 1.5px 2px 0 rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.95),
              inset 0 -2px 6px 0 rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.05),
              0 12px 36px -6px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.06),
              0 4px 16px rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.04);
  transition: border-color 0.35s ease, box-shadow 0.35s ease;
  pointer-events: none;
}

.pub-card-content {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
  height: 100%;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: clamp(20px, 3vw, 28px);
  padding: clamp(24px, 3.5vw, 40px);
  width: 100%;
}

.pub-card:hover,
.pub-card:focus-within,
.pub-card:has(.author-preview-wrap:hover),
.pub-card:has(.author-preview-wrap.active) {
  z-index: 50 !important;
}

.pub-card:hover .liquid-specular-rim,
.pub-card:focus-within .liquid-specular-rim,
.pub-card:has(.author-preview-wrap:hover) .liquid-specular-rim,
.pub-card:has(.author-preview-wrap.active) .liquid-specular-rim {
  border-color: rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.45);
  box-shadow: inset 0 1.5px 3px 0 rgba(255, 255, 255, 1),
              inset 0 -3px 10px 0 rgba(56, 189, 248, 0.15),
              0 24px 60px -12px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.12),
              0 0 30px rgba(56, 189, 248, 0.2);
}

.pub-card-top-content {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: clamp(14px, 2vw, 20px);
  width: 100%;
}

.pub-card-header-bar {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 10px;
  width: 100%;
}

.pub-journal-badge {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: #0284c7;
  background: rgba(56, 189, 248, 0.09);
  border: 1px solid rgba(56, 189, 248, 0.28);
  padding: 5px 14px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(56, 189, 248, 0.12);
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}

.pub-meta-badge {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: 0.71875rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--idx-teal);
  background: rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.08);
  border: 1px solid rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.22);
  padding: 4px 12px;
  border-radius: 999px;
}

.pub-card-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
  font-size: clamp(1.25rem, 2.2vw, 1.65rem);
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--idx-navy);
  margin: 0;
  line-height: 1.35;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}

:root[dir="rtl"] .pub-card-title {
  letter-spacing: 0;
}

.pub-authors-list {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 5;
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  color: var(--idx-slate);
  line-height: 1.65;
  margin: 0;
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 5px 8px;
  padding: 12px 20px;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.65);
  backdrop-filter: blur(16px) saturate(140%);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(16px) saturate(140%);
  border: 1px solid rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.14);
  border-radius: 20px;
  box-shadow: inset 0 1px 2px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.95), 0 2px 8px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.02);
  overflow: visible;
}

.pub-card-body-grid {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: clamp(16px, 2.5vw, 24px);
  width: 100%;
  margin-block-start: 4px;
}

.pub-metrics-bar {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(min(220px, 100%), 1fr));
  gap: 14px;
  width: 100%;
}

.pub-metric-pill {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 12px;
  background: rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.035);
  border: 1px solid rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.16);
  border-radius: 20px;
  padding: 14px 20px;
  backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
  box-shadow: inset 0 1px 1.5px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.85);
  transition: background 0.25s ease, border-color 0.25s ease, transform 0.25s ease, box-shadow 0.25s ease;
}

.pub-metric-pill:hover {
  background: rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.08);
  border-color: rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.35);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: 0 6px 20px rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.12), inset 0 1px 2px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1);
}

.pub-metric-icon {
  color: var(--idx-teal);
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.pub-metric-info {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
}

.pub-metric-val {
  font-family: 'Space Grotesk', system-ui, sans-serif !important;
  font-size: 0.9375rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--idx-navy);
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
  line-height: 1.2;
}

.pub-metric-lbl {
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  color: var(--idx-slate);
  margin-top: 2px;
}

.pub-findings-block {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.04), rgba(56, 189, 248, 0.03));
  backdrop-filter: blur(16px);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(16px);
  border: 1px solid rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.16);
  border-radius: 24px;
  padding: clamp(22px, 3.5vw, 32px);
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 16px;
  width: 100%;
  box-shadow: inset 0 1.5px 3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.95);
}

.pub-findings-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--idx-teal);
  margin: 0;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
}

.pub-findings-list {
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 10px;
}

.pub-findings-item {
  font-family: var(--font-body);
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  color: var(--idx-navy);
  line-height: 1.55;
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  gap: 10px;
}

.pub-findings-bullet {
  width: 8px;
  height: 8px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--idx-teal);
  margin-block-start: 7px;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  box-shadow: 0 0 8px rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.5);
}

/* Author Hover & Touch Preview Card Component */
.author-preview-wrap {
  position: relative;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  z-index: 1;
}

.author-preview-wrap:hover,
.author-preview-wrap.active {
  z-index: 100 !important;
}

.author-preview-link {
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--idx-teal);
  text-decoration: underline;
  text-decoration-color: rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.35);
  text-underline-offset: 3px;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: color 0.2s ease, text-decoration-color 0.2s ease;
}

.author-preview-link:hover,
.author-preview-link:focus-visible {
  color: #0284c7;
  text-decoration-color: #0284c7;
}

/* Liquid Glass Author Preview Tooltip Card */
.author-preview-card {
  position: absolute;
  bottom: calc(100% + 14px);
  inset-inline-start: 50%;
  transform: translate3d(-50%, 8px, 0);
  width: clamp(260px, 80vw, 310px);
  max-width: min(320px, calc(100vw - 32px));
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.94), rgba(248, 250, 252, 0.88));
  backdrop-filter: blur(24px) saturate(160%);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(24px) saturate(160%);
  border: 1px solid rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.22);
  box-shadow: inset 0 1.5px 2.5px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), inset 0 -3px 8px rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.06), 0 20px 48px -10px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.14), 0 0 20px rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.08);
  border-radius: 22px;
  padding: 16px;
  color: var(--idx-navy);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 14px;
  opacity: 0;
  visibility: hidden;
  pointer-events: none;
  transition: opacity 0.25s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1), transform 0.25s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1), visibility 0.25s;
  z-index: 200;
  isolation: isolate;
}

.author-preview-card::after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  top: 100%;
  inset-inline-start: 50%;
  transform: translateX(-50%);
  border-width: 7px;
  border-style: solid;
  border-color: rgba(248, 250, 252, 0.94) transparent transparent transparent;
}

:root[dir="rtl"] .author-preview-card {
  transform: translate3d(50%, 8px, 0);
}

:root[dir="rtl"] .author-preview-card::after {
  transform: translateX(50%);
}

.author-preview-wrap:hover .author-preview-card,
.author-preview-wrap:focus-within .author-preview-card,
.author-preview-wrap.active .author-preview-card,
.author-preview-link[aria-expanded="true"] + .author-preview-card {
  opacity: 1;
  visibility: visible;
  pointer-events: auto;
  transform: translate3d(-50%, 0, 0);
}

:root[dir="rtl"] .author-preview-wrap:hover .author-preview-card,
:root[dir="rtl"] .author-preview-wrap:focus-within .author-preview-card,
:root[dir="rtl"] .author-preview-wrap.active .author-preview-card,
:root[dir="rtl"] .author-preview-link[aria-expanded="true"] + .author-preview-card {
  opacity: 1;
  visibility: visible;
  pointer-events: auto;
  transform: translate3d(50%, 0, 0);
}

@media (max-width: 576px) {
  .author-preview-card {
    width: min(290px, calc(100vw - 32px)) !important;
    max-width: calc(100vw - 32px) !important;
    inset-inline-start: 50% !important;
    transform: translate3d(-50%, 8px, 0) !important;
  }
  
  :root[dir="rtl"] .author-preview-card {
    transform: translate3d(50%, 8px, 0) !important;
  }
  
  .author-preview-wrap:hover .author-preview-card,
  .author-preview-wrap:focus-within .author-preview-card,
  .author-preview-wrap.active .author-preview-card,
  .author-preview-link[aria-expanded="true"] + .author-preview-card {
    opacity: 1 !important;
    visibility: visible !important;
    pointer-events: auto !important;
    transform: translate3d(-50%, 0, 0) !important;
  }

  :root[dir="rtl"] .author-preview-wrap:hover .author-preview-card,
  :root[dir="rtl"] .author-preview-wrap:focus-within .author-preview-card,
  :root[dir="rtl"] .author-preview-wrap.active .author-preview-card,
  :root[dir="rtl"] .author-preview-link[aria-expanded="true"] + .author-preview-card {
    opacity: 1 !important;
    visibility: visible !important;
    pointer-events: auto !important;
    transform: translate3d(50%, 0, 0) !important;
  }
}

.author-preview-avatar {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 3;
  width: 56px;
  height: 56px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  object-fit: cover;
  border: 2px solid var(--idx-teal);
  box-shadow: 0 0 12px rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.25);
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.author-avatar-atashi { object-position: center 10%; }
.author-avatar-abdollahnia { object-position: center 8%; }
.author-avatar-morowvat { object-position: center 12%; }
.author-avatar-zarei { object-position: center 15%; }
.author-avatar-barahoei { object-position: center 18%; }
.author-avatar-flietner { object-position: center 15%; }

.author-preview-info {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 3;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 3px;
  text-align: start;
}

.author-preview-name {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
  font-size: 0.9375rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--idx-navy);
  margin: 0;
}

.author-preview-role {
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: 0.78125rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--idx-teal);
  margin: 0;
  line-height: 1.3;
}

.author-preview-cta {
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: 0.734375rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: #0284c7;
  text-decoration: none !important;
  margin-block-start: 6px;
  padding: 4px 10px;
  background: rgba(56, 189, 248, 0.08);
  border: 1px solid rgba(56, 189, 248, 0.25);
  border-radius: 999px;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 4px;
  transition: background 0.2s ease, border-color 0.2s ease, color 0.2s ease, transform 0.2s ease, box-shadow 0.2s ease;
}

.author-preview-cta:hover,
.author-preview-cta:focus-visible {
  background: var(--idx-teal);
  color: #ffffff;
  border-color: var(--idx-teal);
  transform: translateY(-1px);
  box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.22);
}

.pub-card-tags {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 8px;
  margin-block-start: 4px;
}

.pub-card-tag {
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--idx-slate);
  background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.04);
  border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.1);
  padding: 4px 12px;
  border-radius: 999px;
}

.pub-card-links {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 14px;
  margin-block-start: 8px;
  padding-block-start: 18px;
  border-block-start: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.07);
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  width: 100%;
}

.pub-link-btn {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: 0.84375rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--idx-teal);
  background: rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.07);
  border: 1px solid rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.22);
  padding: 8px 18px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  text-decoration: none !important;
  transition: transform 0.2s ease, background 0.2s ease, border-color 0.2s ease, color 0.2s ease, box-shadow 0.2s ease;
}

.pub-link-btn:hover,
.pub-link-btn:focus-visible {
  background: var(--idx-teal);
  color: #ffffff;
  border-color: var(--idx-teal);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: 0 6px 16px rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.25);
  outline: none;
}

.pub-link-btn svg {
  transition: transform 0.2s ease;
}

.pub-link-btn:hover svg {
  transform: translate3d(3px, -2px, 0);
}

:root[dir="rtl"] .pub-link-btn:hover svg {
  transform: translate3d(-3px, -2px, 0);
}

/* Preclinical & R&D Pipelines Block */
.pipeline-block {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 28px;
  width: 100%;
}

.pipeline-cards-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  gap: clamp(24px, 3.5vw, 36px);
  width: 100%;
}

@media (min-width: 992px) {
  .pipeline-cards-grid {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  }
}

.pipeline-card {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  border-radius: clamp(28px, 4vw, 36px);
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  width: 100%;
  transition: transform 0.4s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1);
  overflow: visible !important;
  isolation: isolate;
  transform: perspective(1000px) rotateX(var(--tilt-x, 0deg)) rotateY(var(--tilt-y, 0deg));
}

.pipeline-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-6px) perspective(1000px) rotateX(var(--tilt-x, 0deg)) rotateY(var(--tilt-y, 0deg));
}

.pipeline-card .nav-pill-glass-container {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  border-radius: inherit;
  overflow: hidden;
  pointer-events: none;
  z-index: 1;
}

.pipeline-card .liquid-backdrop {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  border-radius: inherit;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.88), rgba(248, 250, 252, 0.78));
  backdrop-filter: blur(24px) saturate(160%);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(24px) saturate(160%);
  transition: background 0.35s ease;
}

.pipeline-card .liquid-specular-rim {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  border-radius: inherit;
  border: 1px solid rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.16);
  box-shadow: inset 0 1.5px 2px 0 rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.95),
              inset 0 -2px 6px 0 rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.05),
              0 16px 40px -8px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.07),
              0 0 20px 0 rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.04);
  transition: border-color 0.35s ease, box-shadow 0.35s ease;
  pointer-events: none;
}

.pipeline-card:hover .liquid-specular-rim {
  border-color: rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.32);
  box-shadow: inset 0 1.5px 2.5px 0 rgba(255, 255, 255, 1),
              inset 0 -3px 8px 0 rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.08),
              0 24px 56px -8px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.12),
              0 0 32px 0 rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.12);
}

.pipeline-card-content {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
  padding: clamp(26px, 3.5vw, 36px);
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 20px;
  min-height: 100%;
}

.pipeline-card-top-content {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 16px;
}

.pipeline-status-badge {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  align-self: start;
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
  font-size: 0.734375rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--idx-teal);
  background: rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.06);
  border: 1px solid rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.16);
  padding: 5px 14px;
  border-radius: 999px;
}

:root[dir="rtl"] .pipeline-status-badge {
  letter-spacing: 0;
}

.pipeline-pulse-dot {
  width: 7px;
  height: 7px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--idx-teal);
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 0 rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.6);
  animation: pipeline-pulse-glow 2s infinite;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

@keyframes pipeline-pulse-glow {
  0% { box-shadow: 0 0 0 0 rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.6); }
  70% { box-shadow: 0 0 0 6px rgba(15, 118, 110, 0); }
  100% { box-shadow: 0 0 0 0 rgba(15, 118, 110, 0); }
}

.pipeline-card-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
  font-size: clamp(1.2rem, 1.8vw, 1.4rem);
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--idx-navy);
  margin: 0;
  line-height: 1.35;
}

.pipeline-partner-chip {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 12px;
  padding: 10px 14px;
  background: rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.03);
  border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.06);
  border-radius: 16px;
  margin-block: 4px;
}

.pipeline-chip-icon {
  color: var(--idx-teal);
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.pipeline-partner-info {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 2px;
}

.pipeline-partner-label {
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: 0.71875rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--idx-teal);
  letter-spacing: 0.5px;
}

:root[dir="rtl"] .pipeline-partner-label {
  letter-spacing: 0;
}

.pipeline-partner-names {
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: 0.84375rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--idx-navy);
  line-height: 1.4;
}

.pipeline-highlights-list {
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 12px;
}

.pipeline-highlight-item {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  gap: 10px;
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: 0.90625rem;
  line-height: 1.6;
  color: var(--idx-slate);
}

.pipeline-highlight-item strong {
  color: var(--idx-navy);
}

.pipeline-bullet {
  width: 6px;
  height: 6px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--idx-teal);
  box-shadow: 0 0 6px rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.4);
  flex-shrink: 0;
  margin-top: 8px;
}

.pipeline-card-tags {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
  gap: 8px;
  margin-block-start: auto;
  padding-block-start: 16px;
  border-block-start: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.06);
  width: 100%;
}

.pipeline-tag-pill {
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: 0.78125rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--idx-navy);
  background: rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.04);
  border: 1px solid rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.14);
  padding: 6px 10px;
  border-radius: 10px;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 6px;
  transition: background 0.2s ease, border-color 0.2s ease, transform 0.2s ease;
  white-space: nowrap;
  overflow: hidden;
  text-overflow: ellipsis;
  width: 100%;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

.pipeline-tag-pill:hover {
  background: rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.08);
  border-color: rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.3);
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}

.pipeline-tag-icon {
  color: var(--idx-teal);
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

/* Global Academic & Institutional Research Network */
.network-block {
  position: relative;
  border-radius: clamp(28px, 4vw, 36px);
  padding: clamp(32px, 5vw, 56px);
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.04) 0%, rgba(56, 189, 248, 0.03) 100%);
  border: 1px solid rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.16);
  box-shadow: inset 0 1.5px 3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.95);
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 32px;
  width: 100%;
}

.network-matrix {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(6, 1fr);
  gap: 24px;
  width: 100%;
}

.network-card {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  border-radius: clamp(24px, 3.5vw, 30px);
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  width: 100%;
  transition: transform 0.35s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1);
  isolation: isolate;
  grid-column: span 2;
  transform: perspective(1000px) rotateX(var(--tilt-x, 0deg)) rotateY(var(--tilt-y, 0deg));
}

.network-matrix > .network-card:nth-child(4),
.network-matrix > .network-card:nth-child(5) {
  grid-column: span 3;
}

@media (max-width: 992px) {
  .network-matrix {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  }
  .network-card,
  .network-matrix > .network-card:nth-child(4),
  .network-matrix > .network-card:nth-child(5) {
    grid-column: span 1;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .network-matrix {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
}

.network-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-5px) perspective(1000px) rotateX(var(--tilt-x, 0deg)) rotateY(var(--tilt-y, 0deg));
}

.network-card .nav-pill-glass-container {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  border-radius: inherit;
  overflow: hidden;
  pointer-events: none;
  z-index: 1;
}

.network-card .liquid-backdrop {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  border-radius: inherit;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.92), rgba(248, 250, 252, 0.82));
  backdrop-filter: blur(20px) saturate(150%);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(20px) saturate(150%);
  transition: background 0.35s ease;
}

.network-card .liquid-specular-rim {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  border-radius: inherit;
  border: 1px solid rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.15);
  box-shadow: inset 0 1.5px 2px 0 rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.95),
              inset 0 -2px 6px 0 rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.04),
              0 14px 36px -6px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.06);
  transition: border-color 0.35s ease, box-shadow 0.35s ease;
  pointer-events: none;
}

.network-card:hover .liquid-specular-rim {
  border-color: rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.3);
  box-shadow: inset 0 1.5px 2.5px 0 rgba(255, 255, 255, 1),
              inset 0 -3px 8px 0 rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.08),
              0 20px 48px -6px rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.14);
}

.network-card-content {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
  padding: clamp(22px, 3vw, 28px);
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 14px;
  min-height: 100%;
}

.network-card-header {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: flex-start;
  gap: 8px;
  width: 100%;
}

.network-card-badge {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
  font-size: 0.71875rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  padding: 4px 12px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  align-self: start;
}

:root[dir="rtl"] .network-card-badge {
  letter-spacing: 0;
}

.partner-badge-intl {
  color: #0284C7;
  background: rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.08);
  border: 1px solid rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.2);
}

.partner-badge-hq {
  color: var(--idx-teal);
  background: rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.08);
  border: 1px solid rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.22);
}

.partner-badge-natl {
  color: #475569;
  background: rgba(71, 85, 105, 0.08);
  border: 1px solid rgba(71, 85, 105, 0.18);
}

.network-badge-icon {
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.network-country-chip {
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: 0.78125rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--idx-navy);
  background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.04);
  border: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.08);
  padding: 3px 10px;
  border-radius: 8px;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
  align-self: start;
}

.network-card-name {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
  font-size: clamp(1.05rem, 1.5vw, 1.2rem);
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--idx-navy);
  margin: 0;
  line-height: 1.35;
}

.network-card-desc {
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  color: var(--idx-slate);
  line-height: 1.6;
  margin: 0;
}

.network-scope-pills {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 6px;
  margin-block-start: auto;
  padding-block-start: 12px;
  border-block-start: 1px solid rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.06);
}

.network-scope-pill {
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--idx-teal);
  background: rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.05);
  border: 1px solid rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.15);
  padding: 3px 9px;
  border-radius: 6px;
}

/* =======================================================================
   6. Widescreen, Ultrawide & High-Resolution Display Enhancements (4K / 8K)
   ======================================================================= */
@media (min-width: 1920px) {
  :root {
    --max-w: 1440px;
  }

  .hero-header-content {
    max-width: 1100px;
  }

  .infra-header-full,
  .portfolio-header-content {
    max-width: 1120px;
  }
}

@media (min-width: 2560px) {
  :root {
    --max-w: 1680px;
  }

  .hero-header-content {
    max-width: 1280px;
  }

  .infra-header-full,
  .portfolio-header-content {
    max-width: 1320px;
  }

  .hero-research h1 {
    font-size: 3.5rem;
  }
}

/* =======================================================================
   7. Accessibility, Focus Rings & User Preferences
   ======================================================================= */
main a:focus-visible,
button:focus-visible {
  outline: var(--focus);
  outline-offset: 3px;
  border-radius: 8px;
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  :where(
      .hero-research,
      #overview,
      #portfolio,
      #publications,
      #pipeline,
      #collaborators
    ) * {
    transition-duration: 0.001ms !important;
    animation-duration: 0.001ms !important;
  }

  .hero-btn-primary,
  .pub-link-btn,
  .metric--card,
  .pub-card,
  .pipeline-card,
  .network-card {
    transition: none !important;
    transform: none !important;
  }
}

@media (forced-colors: active) {
  .hero-btn-primary {
    background: ButtonFace;
    color: ButtonText;
    border: 1px solid ButtonText;
  }
  .pub-card,
  .pipeline-card,
  .network-card {
    background: Canvas;
    border: 1px solid GrayText;
  }
}

@media print {
  .hero-research {
    background: #fff;
    color: #000;
    border-color: #000;
  }
  .infra-carousel-arrow,
  .infra-carousel-tabs {
    display: none;
  }
}